Pangola (Digitaria eriantha) Hay as a Roughage Source in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Thai Native Male Goats in a Tropical Area
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The productivity and chemical composition of Pangola grass during rainy and dry seasons. Results revealed to be used Pangola grass as a roughage source in the total mixed ration (TMR) for growth performance and meat quality of Thai native male goats in the tropics. Temperature was recorded as well as maximum and minimum relative humidity. The first experiment included recording the productivity and analysing the chemical composition of DM, CP, Ash, EE, CF and NFE of Pangola grass during the rainy and dry seasons of 2013-2015. The second experiment that involved classifying fertilized male goats weighing 15 ± 2 kg. into 3 groups. Each group contained 5 goats, and the classification was repeated 3 times for 45 goats in total. Group 1 had straw as a roughage source in the total mixed ration (TMR1). Group 2 used bean hulls as a roughage source in the total mixed ration (TMR2), and Group 3 used Pangola grass hay as a roughage source in the total mixed ration (TMR3). The ratio between roughage and concentrated feed was 15:85 with an average protein content of 14% CP to record the production efficiency and meat quality. The results showed that in the first experiment, the total dry matter yield of Pangola and chemical composition in winter were higher compared to summer due to the propensity of declining yield as the plants aged. For the second experiment, the ADG and CPI of Pangola grass hay (TMR3) were significantly higher than the values for straw (TMR1) and bean hulls (TMR2) (P<0.05), whereas for total gain, TDMI, feed conversion ratio, blood urea nitrogen, feed cost, carcass traits, qualities and consumer preference, tests of the goat meat did not show any significant differences (P>0.05)
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
AFRC-Technical committee on Responses to Nutrients (1993). Energy and Protein. Qequirements of Ruminamts. CAB International, wallington, UK.
Aiken, G. E. (1997). Temporal effects on steer performance and nutritive valves for eastern grass grazed continuously for different duration. Journal Animal Science 75:803-808.
AOAC (1990). Official methods of analysis (15th Ed.) Association of official analytical chemists, Arlington, VA.
Armstrong, D. V. (1994). Haet stress interaction with shade and cooling. Journal of Dairy Science 77:2044-2050.
Caldara, F. R., Santos, M. M., Almeida, L. S., Garcia, P. I., Naas, R. G. and Fernandes. I. A. (2013). Carcass characteristics and qualitative attributes of pork from immunocastrated animals. Asian- Australas. Journal Animal Science 11:1630-1636.
Chaichaoom, W. W., Kuntapanit, C. N. R., Wannapiyarat, S. K. and Chomchai, N. P. W. (2007). Pangola as the roughage source for fertilized cattle in last period. Annual forage division research papers. Department of livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. pp. 165-185.
Danglao, B. N. P., Wachiraparkorn, C. L., Narwarookroah, C. N. R. and Kromruttanapon, P. S. (2006). The result of Arachis hypogaeal's fiber shell and straw in the complete feed formula to the eatable quantity and goat's growth capacity. Proceedings of the Veterinary Medicine Conference, Faculty of Animal science, Khon Kaen University.
Department of livestock development (2003). Pangola grass. Department of livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Department of livestock (2006a). Good Forage crops. Forage crops research group animal feed division, Department of livestock.
Department of livestock (2006b). Pangola grass. Leafet. Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Dhammasang, K.W. and Suriyapatra, W. R. P. (2012). Thailand's potential on producing forage crops and seeds. Kankaset 40:37-42.
Goering, H. K. and Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbook. No. 379. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC.
Hitz, A. C. and Russell, J. R. (1998). Potential of stockpiled perennial forages in winter grazing system for pregnant beef cows. Journal Animal Science 76:404-415.
INRA (1988). Alimentation des boviet caprins feeding of cattle, sheep and goat. INRA Paris, France.
Kullana, S. N., Jiemjatejaroon, W. L. K. and Poonpipat, R. C. D. W. (2007). Yield and chemical composition of pangola grass grown with different cutting rates in sukho thai province group area. Proceedings of the 3rd Animal science conference. Animal science division, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University.
Kaewwongsa, W. L. L. (2012). The comparison of dried cavalcade and dried brachiariaru sci ziziensis as the roughages source to the eatable quantity and warm goats' growth rate. Kankaset 40:553-556.
Loerch, S. C. (1996). Limit-feeding corn as an alternative to hay for gestating beef cows. Journal Animal Science 74:1211-1216.
Moore, K. and Gareia, R. (2001). Role impact and management of plant lignin: lignin and fiber digestion. Journal of Range Management. 54:420-430.
NRC (1981). Nutrient requirement for goat: angola daieary and meat goat in temperate and tropical countries., Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Pralomkarnjana, W. N. (1999). Meat goat and milked goat in tropical area. Printing: Nakhon si Thammarat.
Rattana, K. C. N., Ngampongsai, W. W. S., Junjootar, P. and Lohphet, A. C. (2010). The result of fiber level within metroxylon sagus Rottb's trunk as the ingredient of concentrated feed and the Nutrient benefit to the fermentation process in rumen together with production capacity of Thai native male goat. Kankaset, 38:249-260.
SAS (1982). Sas user's Guide: Statistics. Sas Inst. Inc., Cory, NC. Short, R. E., Grings, E. E., MacNeil, M. D., Heitschmidt, R. K, Haferkamp, M. R. and Adams, D. C. (1996). Effects of time of weaning, supplement and sire breed of calf during the fall grazing period on cow and calf performance. Journal Animal Science 74:1701-1710.
Soon, H., Choi, S. H., Kim, S. W., Son, D. S., Park, H. S., Lee, S. H. and Jo, I. H. (2009). Effect of crude protein levels in total mixed ration on growth performance and meat quality in growing korean black goats. Asian-Australasian Journal Animal Science 8:1133-1139.
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach (2nd ed). NY: McGraw Hill Book co.
Tantasupark, W., Lumdeneim, N., Dalin, A. M., Kunavongkrit, A. and Einarsson, S. (2000). Reproductive performance of purebred landrance and yorkshire sows in Thailand with special reference to seasonal influence and parity number. Theriogenology 54:481-496.
Thong,W. A., Uthai, S. N., Chaichaum, W. W. and Chomchai, N. P. W. (2006). The nutrition value of dried pangola at different growth. Proceedings of the 2nd Animal science conference. Animal science division, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University.
Tudsri, S. Y. (1997). Forage grass and local grass in Thailand. Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University.
Wannapat, M. T. (2009). Animal feed resource in local area for enhancing the ruminant production efficiency. Proceedings of the annual Agriculture conference 2009. Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University.
Wiyabot, T. W. and Penwijitra, S. J. (2010). The study of chicken manure usage to factors of pangola grass in Nakhon Sawan Province. Proceeding of Medicine conference 11th, 2010. at Khon Kaen University. 10th - 11th June 2010.
Wiyabot, T. W. and Tongchue, M. T. (2013). The result of Pangola grass age to the productivity and nutrition value in Nakhon Sawan Province. Kankaset 41.