Detection and Quantification of Auxin and Gibberellic Acid in Caulerpa racemosa
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate plant growth regulators (PGRs) presented in extract of seaweed, Caulerpa racemosa by Spectrophotometry. Spectra were recorded at the m/z peak of 220 nm for Auxin, and at 524 nm m/z peak for Gibberellic acid in seaweed extract. Extraction, purification and quantitative determination of free and bound NAA, and GA3, in C. Racemosa were done by reducing 250 mL seaweed supernatant to 50 mL by evaporation and acidified to pH 2.8 with 1 N HCl and extracted with double volume of ethyl acetate. On the otherhand, GA3 was extracted and purified. Fifty mL of cell free supernatant was reduced to 20 mL by evaporation and acidified at pH 2 and then was extracted with double volume of chloroform. The supernatant was harvested by centrifugation and reduced to 30 mL by evaporation under vacuum. All experiments were repeated three times. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Inc., USA) for correlation and regression analysis of each value. The extract contained 979.71 mg/l of GA3 and 15.57 mg/l of NAA at 10 ppm concentration respectively. The results confirmed the presence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) (NAA, and GA3).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Bentley-Mowat., J. A. and Reid, S. M. (1999). Investigation of the radish bioassay for kinetin and demonstration of kinetin like substances in algae. Annals of Botany 32:23-32.
Blunden, J. and Gordon, M. (1986). Auxin transport promotes arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell 13:843-52.
Blunden, J. and Liu, Y. W. (1994). Enhanced chlorophyll levels in plants treated with seaweed extract. Journal of Applied Phycology 8:535-543.
Crouch, S. (1993). Introduction to plant biotechnology, 2 Edition, Science Publishers Inc, New Hampshire, United States of America pp.528.
Crouch, I .J and Van Staden, J. (1993). Effect of seaweed concentrate on the establishment and Response of tomatoes to seaweed based nutrient sprays. Proceeding of Florida State Horticultural Society 97:151-157.
Duran, R., Dhanalakshmi, P. K., Jayashree, S. and Thangaraju, N. (2003). Seaweed extract as a biostimulant for legume crop, green gram. Journal of Ecobiotechnology 3:16 -19.
Fujita, T. and Hasebe, M. (2009). Convergences and divergences in polar auxin transport and shootdevelopment in land plant evolution. Plant Signaling and Behavior 4:313-315.
Fujioka, S. and Sakurai, A. (1997). Gibberellins. Natural Product Reports 14:1-10.
Hankins, S. D. and Hockey, H. P. (1990). The Effect of liquid seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) On the two spotted red spider mite Tetranychus utricae. Hydrobiologica 204:555-559.
Nordstrom, A., Tarkowski, P., Tarkowska, D., Dolezal, K., Astot, C., Sandberg, G. and Moritz, T. (2014). Derivatization for LC electrospray ionization-MS: A tool for improving reversed-phaseseparation and ESI responses of bases, ribosides, and intact nucleotides. Analytical Chemistry 76:2869-2877.
Proseus, T. E. and Boyer, J. S. (2006). Identifying cytoplasmic input to the cell wall of growing Chara coralline. Journal of Experimental Botany 57:3231-3242.
Reitz, M. and Tremble, J. (1996). Effect of seaweed concentrates on the growth and biochemical constituents of Trigonella foenum – graecum L. New Phytologist 2:50-56.
Smith, E. and Dent, G. (2005). ModernQ7 Raman Spectroscopy, A Practical Approach. JohnWiley and Sons. p. 24.
Spiro, T. G. (1994). New structure probe for biological chromophores. Accounts of Chemical Research 7:339-344.
Strik, W. A., Novak, M. S. and Van Staden, J. (2003). Cytokinins in macroalgae. Plant Growth Regul 41:13-24.
Sylvia, S., Baluswami, M., Parathasarathy, D. V. and Krishnamurthy, V. (2005). Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizers extracted from Gracilaria edulis (Gmel.) Silva, Sargassum wightii Greville and Ulva lactuca Linn. On the growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench. Indian Hydrobiol 7:69-88.
Tarakhovskaya, E. R.; Maslov, Y. I. and Shishova, M. F. (2007). Phytohormones in algae. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 54:163-170.
Temple, W. and Bomke, A. (1988). Effects of kelp (Macrocystis Integrifolia) on soil chemical properties and crop responses. Plant Soil 105:213-222.
Unyayar, A., Topcuoglu, S. F. and Inan, S. (1996). Auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin and abscisic acid production in some bacteria. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 22:1061-1064.
Temple, W. D. and Bomke, A. (1989). Effects of kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia and Ecklonia maxima) foliar applications on bean crop yield. Plant soil 117:85-92.
Zhang, X. and Schmidt, R. E. (1997). The impact of growth regulators on the α – tocopherol status in water – Stressed Poa Pratensis L. Int. Turfgrass Research 8:1364-1373.
Zodape, S. T., Mukhopadhyay, S., Eswaran, K., Reddy, M. P. and Chikara, J. (2010). Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in green gram (Phaseolus radiata) treated with seaweed (Kappapyucus alvarezii) extract. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 70:215-219