Study of the host range of northern corn leaf blight disease and effect of Exserohilum turcicum toxin on sweet corn
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Abstract
The isolate DI of Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard &Suggs was used for studying the fungal toxin and the host range of Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) disease. This disease is an important disease of corn that causes significant economic loss in Thailand and worldwide. The isolate DI was selected for its highly virulence in previous studies. Twenty two different plant species belonging to 14 genera of the Poaceae family were used for the host range test by spraying with 105 spore/ml of isolate DI results showed that all tested plants showed symptoms of NCLB except sugarcane. There were three types of symptoms: in the rice and sorghum group, the symptoms appeared as single red-brown spots and clusters of dark red-brown spots; in the corn group, the symptoms were spherical red-brown, water soaked lesions that enlarged into oblong grayish-black lesions and finally the leaves became blighted and died; in the grass group, symptoms of the pathogen included small, single brownish to dark brown lesions. Toxin from the crude extract of the E. turcicum was prepared by culturing the fungus on PDB for 2 wk at room temperature on a rotary shaker. The mycelia mass and spores were extracted with 10% ethyl acetate followed by methanol and hexane. The extract was inoculated on the sweet corn variety Hibrix3. After 4 days, the symptoms of the toxin on the plant leaves were similar to the symptoms developed by natural and/or artificial inoculation of the fungal pathogen.
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