Lethal effect of native Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Samson isolate to invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), infesting corn in the Philippines
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Detection of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Philippines in 2019 prompted research on pest management solutions aside from insecticide application. This paper presents the bioefficacy of an entomopathogenic fungus in controlling S. frugiperda. A native Metarhizium rileyi Farlow (Samson) was successfully isolated from naturally infected S. frugiperda larvae collected in a corn field in Lucena, Quezon province in the Philippines. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to elucidate the virulence of M. rileyi to different life stages of S. frugiperda. Based on t-test, M. rileyi had no ovicidal activity. The larval instars of S. frugiperda were susceptible to M. rileyi with higher mortalities in early instars. Mycosed larvae were covered with white fungal growth and light olive green conidia. The mean time to larval death ranged from 5.10 to 8.67 days depending on conidial concentration and larval instar while lethal concentration (LC 50) was computed from 7.30 x 105 to 3.81 x 1013 conidia/ml. Based on t-test, reduced pupation and adult emergence were observed in fungal treated prepupa. However, there was no effect on the adult emergence of fungal treated pupa. Virulence of M. rileyi to S. frugiperda implies its potential use and integration in the Integrated Pest Management for S. frugiperda in the Philippines.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18:265-267.
Ahmad, I., Jimenez-Gasco, Md. M., Luthe, D. S. and Barbercheck, M. E. (2020). Systemic colonization by Metarhizium robertsii enhances cover crop growth. Journal of Fungi, 6:64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020064.
Akutse, K. S., Kimemia, J. W., Ekesi, S., Khamis, F. M., Ombura, O. L. and Subramanian, S. (2019). Ovicidal effects of entomopathogenic fungal isolates on the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 143:626-634.
Alvarez, S. P., Guerrero, A. M., Duarte, B. N. D., Tapia, M. A. M., Medina, J. A. C. and Rodriguez, Y. D. (2018). First report of a new isolate of Metarhizium rileyi from maize fields of Quivican, Cuba. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 58:222-226.
Asi, M. R., Bashir, M. H., Afzal, M., Zia, K. and Akram, M. (2013). Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for biocontrol of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23:913-918.
Bosa, C. F., Chavez, D., Torres, L., Paris, A., Villamizar, L. and Cotes A. M. (2004). Evaluation of native isolates of Nomuraea rileyi for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revisita Colombiana de Entomologia, 30:93-97.
El-hawary, F. M. and Abd El-salam, A. M. E. (2009). Laboratory bioassay of some entomopathogenic fungi on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2:1-4.
Fronza, E., Specht, A., Heinzen, H. and De Barros, N. M. (2017). Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi as biological control agent. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27:1243-1264.
Han, J. H., Jin, B. R., Kim, J. J. and Lee, S. Y. (2014). Virulence of entomopathogenic Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus for the microbial control of Spodoptera exigua. Mycobiology, 42:385-390.
Herlinda, S., Octariati, N., Suwandi, S. and Hasbi, H. (2020). Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. Bioversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21:2955-2965.
Lezama-Gutierrez, R., Hamm, J. J., Molina-Ochoa, J., Lopez-Edwards, M., Pescador-Rubio, A., Gonzalez-Ramirez, M. and Styer, E. L. (2001). Occurrence of entomopathogens of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Mexican States of Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco and Tamaulipas. Florida Entomologist, 84:23-30.
Montecalvo, M. P. and Navasero, M. M. (2021a). Metarhizium (=Nomuraea) rileyi (Farlow) Samson from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) cross infects fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Philippine Journal of Science, 150:193-199.
Montecalvo, M. P. and Navasero, M. M. (2021b). Comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory. Journal of International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 27:15-26.
Montecalvo, M. P. and Navasero, M. M. (2020). Effect of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi (Farl.) Samson on the third instar larvae of the onion armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under laboratory conditions. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 103:140-145.
Mora, M. A. E., Castilho, A. M. C. and Fraga, M. E. (2017). Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, 84.
Navasero, M. V., Navasero, M. M., Burgonio, G. A. S., Ardez, K. P., Ebuenga, M. D., Beltran, M. J. B., Bato, M. B., Gonzales, P. G., Magsino, G. L., Caoili, B. L., Barrion-Dupo, A. L. A. and Aquino, M. F. G. M. (2019). Detection of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using larval morphological characters, and observations on its current local distribution in the Philippines. Philippine Entomologist, 33:171-184.
Ocampo, K. R. (2020). Fall armyworm pest threatens PH corn production. Retrieved from https://business.inquirer.net/
Rajan, T. S. and Muthukrishnan, N. (2009). Pathogenicity of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson isolates against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Journal of Biological Control, 23:17-20.
Ramanujam, B., Poornesha, B. and Shylesha, A. N. (2020). Effect of entomopathogenic fungi against invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30:1-5.
Ramos, Y., Taibo, A. D., Jimenez, J. A. and Portal, O. (2020). Endophytic establishment of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in maize plants and its effect against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00223-2
Rwomushana, I. (2019). Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm). Invasive species compendium. Wallingford, UK: CABI: DOI:10.1079/ISC.29810.20203373913.
Sandhu, S. S., Sharma, A. K., Beniwal, V., Goel, G., Batra, P., Kumar, A., Jaglan, S., Sharma, A. K. and Malhotra S. 2012. Myco-biocontrol of insect pests: factors involved, mechanism, and regulation. Journal of Pathogens, 2012:1-10.
Schneider, L. C. L., Silva, C. V., Pamphile, J. A. and Conte, H. (2013). Infection, colonization and extrusion of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) in pupae of Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 5:1-9.
Valdez, E. M., Rillon, G. S., Donayre, D. K., M., Martin, E. C., dela Cruz, K. B., Sandoval, F. R., Joshi, R. C., Quilang, E. J. P., Faheem, M. and Annamalai, S. (2021). Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith): A first record of damage on rice in the Philippines. Poster paper presented during the Online Conference “Developing smallholder-oriented IPM strategies for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) management” on 24-26 August 2021.
Vega, F. (2008). Insect pathology and fungal endophytes. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 98: 277-279.