Evaluation of carbendazim resistance levels of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold of grape in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand
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Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important diseases of grape and causes significant yield losses. Eighty-two isolates of B.cinerea causing gray mold disease in grape berries and strawberries were collected from markets and orchards in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. The carbendazim resistance of B. cinerea was evaluated according to inhibition of mycelia growth in PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicide. All B. cinerea isolates were classified as highly resistant (HR) to carbendazim. In further studies, analysis of the β-tubulin gene sequence revealed amino acid replacements in the HR mutants compared to the wild-type strain. The result indicated that two benzimidazole resistance mutations occurred at codon 198. The first one was, a glutamic acid (GAG) to alanine (GCG) replacement, (E198A). The second mutation was, a glutamic acid (GAG) to valine (GTG) replacement at the same amino acid position, (E198V). Both mutations resulted in high resistance to carbendazim.
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