Growth clusterring of Gamma-irradiated Artemisia annua shoot culture by Ward method
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Abstract
Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant for antimalaria that has been used for hundred years ago. Many techniques have been applied to increase production of artemisinin including irradiation of Gamma rays in order to obtain mutant plants. Mutation is also attempted to increase genetic variability. The cluster of shoots culture of A. annua after Gamma irradiation treatment based on their growth on MS medium was determined. Shoot tips of 82 clones after irradiation with 0 (control treatment), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy of Gamma ray were cultured on MS medium for 6 weeks. The results showed that ward method on growth of in vitro shoots from 82 clones at the fourth week resulted into 5 clusters. Cluster 3 was the best for growth of A. annua shoot culture containing 14 clones e.i. 5.3.a , 5.4.a, 5.19.a1, 10.10.a*, 10.13.a, 10.37.a, 20.1.a, 20.6.a, 20.16.a 30.12.a, 30.15.a, 30.18.a, 30.28.a, 30.38.a. This cluster consisted of 3 clones came from irradiation 5 Gy, 3 clones from 10 Gy, 3 clones from 20 Gy, and 5 clones from 30 Gy, respectively. The research finding was beneficial for selection of superior clones for the genetic improvement.
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