Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling rice leafhoppers and lepidopterous larvae in northern Thailand
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Abstract
The most virulent strain of Beauveria bassiana and of Metarhizium anisopliae was selected from each of ten indigenous strains, which had been collected from paddy fields. The collected strains were preliminarily screened in the laboratory and were then tested in greenhouse experiments for their pathogenicity against two species of rice pests: rice leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) and rice leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). The highest pathogenicity to N. virescens and C. medinalis at 7 days after inoculation was 78.9 ± 10.7% and 51.6 ± 12.0%, respectively, for B. bassiana isolate Bb06 was 86.3 ± 14.2% and 76.8 ± 7. 3% for M. anisopliae isolate Ma01, respectively. Dose-response studies revealed LC90 values ranging from 1.3 ´ 109 to 1.3 ´ 1011 and 1.25 ´ 107 to 1.5 ´ 1 09 spore mL-1 for Bb06 and Ma01, respectively. These two entomopathogens were subjected to another pathogenicity test in order to select the most suitable mycoinsecticide and media formulations. Spraying a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of the Bb06 and Ma01 spore suspensions at their highest LC90 value (24.8 ´ 1011 and 24.8 ´ 109 spore mL-1, respectively) in water provided the highest mortality to N. virescens and C. medinalis at 81.2 ± 6.4 and 100.0%, respectively. Therefore, the combination of the Bb06 and Ma01 isolates was ultimately applied to rice plants at a field plot level. A direct effect of these two entomopathogenic fungi on rice pest insects, in terms of the corrected percent cumulative mortality and approximate population level, was considered as the effectiveness parameters. The mortality (%) in the treated and control plots was 18.9 ± 23.5 and 4.1 ± 10.7%, respectively, while the population density was 0.3 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.3 insects per evaluation time
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