Development of in-vitro propagation technique for onion (Allium cepa L.) regeneration
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Abstract
Tissue culture media with pH 5.0 resulted in the tallest plants for onion at 25.09 cm on Day 10 and maximum leaf count on Day 14, yet shoot proliferation was best observed at pH 6.5 with 2–3 shoots per plantlet. Thiamine supplementation always improved plant height, which was up to 17.33 cm, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) triggered more shoot formation of 2–3 shoots on Day 14. The other hormones, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and kinetin, had moderate growth responses. Controlled environmental conditions also impacted plantlet showed the performance, with refrigerator conditions yielding plants of up to 20.76 cm on Day 21 and dark conditions eliciting the greatest elongation at 37.36 cm. Light exposure, by contrast, favored more developed shoot and leaf growth. Temperature control, especially cooler conditions under initial growth, favored leaf emergence and plant height, while room temperature maintained overall growth performance. Collectively, these results confirmed the important role of pH of the culture medium, certain plant hormones, and controlled environments in optimizing onion tissue culture. The outcomes are offered empirical evidence that is useful for enhancing micropropagation protocols, which can be extended to onion production systems, as well as future genetic breeding programs focused on maintaining and increasing onion yields under controlled conditions
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