Phytochemical screening and masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) using the needle and root crude extracts of Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon)
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya) needle and root extracts in the masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. The crude extracts of Benguet pine were phytochemically screened and found positive for steroid for root extracts while chlorophyll and xantene were present in needle extracts. Toxicity assay was conducted to evaluate the median lethal concentration (LC50) after 96 hours. Probit analysis revealed LC50 was 150 ppm and 960 ppm for Benguet pine needles and roots, respectively. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH did not differ statistically in all treatments (P>0.05). For the sex-reversal, treatments were as follows; I-fry booster only, II- diet with 50 mg/kg methyltestosterone, III- diet with 100 ppm Benguet pine needle extract and IV-diet with 500 ppm Benguet pine root extracts. Results revealed no significant difference was observed in the survival and growth rate of different treatments (P>0.05). No sex inversion was observed in the diet with 100 ppm Benguet pine needle crude extract and diet with 500 ppm Benguet pine root crude extracts 62.27±7.02% and 61.51±5.88%, respectively. Percent males were significantly different at 50 mg/kg methyltestosterone compared to other treatments. No intersex gonads were observed in all treatments. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH did not differ statistically in all treatments (P>0.05) after 28-day sex-reversal in outdoor tanks.
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