Antifungal applications of biosynthesized silicon and copper nanoparticles against molecularly identified root rot fungi of Phoenix dactylifera L.
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Abstract
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most significant crop in Egypt and the world. The study highlighted pharmaceutical importance of the biocontrol agents used, as they contain bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. The synthesis and application of nanoparticles as antifungal and antibacterial agents provide an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical fungicides, promoting plant health and resistance against pathogenic infections. The fungal root rot disease was discovered to be present in date palm offshoots gathered from different regions and governorates, including Beheira, Giza, Fayoum, and Minia. The most virulent fungi found were Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporium, F. solani, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae of the examined date palm cultivars, namely Barhey, Zaghloul, and Siwey. The primary fungal pathogen was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The nitrogen base sequences were then analyzed using the BLAST (the basics Local Sequence Analysis Tools) tool, which revealed that L. theobromae (PV594471.1) is the primary pathogen. The antifungal activity of nano silicon and copper produced biologically from Paenibacillus polymyxa (PbGK1) and chemically were tested against pathogenic fungi. Nano silicon and copper structural properties, such as small particle size and appropriate shape, contributed to its strong antifungal activity against fungal pathogens i.e. L. thoebromae, M.phaseolina and F.solani at concentration of 250 ppm. Silicon nanoparticles generated biologically from P. polymyxa showed the greatest increase in growth reduction percentages when compared to the other and control groups. Greenhouse trials revealed that date palm seedlings treated with silicon and copper nanoparticles generated biologically from P. polymyxa and chemically provide very positive results, with a low disease incidence and severity at 250 ppm concentration. Silicon nanoparticles created P.polymyxa was discovered to be more effective in compared with fungicide (Topsin M70%) in suppressing root rot disease in date palm offshoots both before and after infection. Comparing...
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