Determination of race virulence of rice-blast fungus of Pyricularia oryzae in five districts of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
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Abstract
The attack of blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae on lowland rice was quite extensive in Bengkulu Province. The previous monitoring showed that the blast disease in rice caused by P. oryzae was quite extensive, but the disease transmission was not well documented. Information on the distribution of P. oryzae races is needed to predict which rice variety is suitable to release at a specific location. Identification and isolation of resistant genes from hosts and pathogens with avirulence genes are currently needed to deepen the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen-host interactions and to develop strategies for introgression of resistant genes into the high-yielding varieties. The result obtained was 15 isolates of P. oryzae in 5 districts in Bengkulu. Based on the reactions of P. oryzae isolates in 7 varieties, 7 races were found with different numbers at each location. Of the total 7 races obtained, race 001 was the dominant race found in North Bengkulu, Pajar Bulan Village, Karang Anyar, Semidang Alas Maras, Cawang Lama, and Air Putih. Race 003 was found in Talang Benih and Kembang Mumpo, race 013 was found in Sendawar village, race 043 was found in Rawa Makmur, and races 333, 341, and 373 were found in Central Bengkulu, Cawang Lama 2, and South Bengkulu. P. oryzae contains one or more unstable virulence genes. Frequent spontaneous mutations may affect its virulence, which may cause a high genetic diversity of blast pathogens. The status of the P. oryzae races might determine the location-specificity of rice cultivars. Planting resistant varieties is an appropriate strategy to control blast disease in endemic areas of P. oryzae races.
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