Cytogenetic research of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Ginger) for genetic variability in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria
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Abstract
Cytogenetic research on newly discovered species is imperative due to the ongoing discovery of new species across the globe. Chromosome studies of two allium species evaluated the chromosome number, structure and sizes in Allium cepa(onion) and Allium sativuum (garlic). The diploid chromosome number of (Allium cepa) and (Allium sativum) were found to be 2n=16 representing 2 sets of chromosomes of Allium cepa which were larger in size than those of A. sativum. Metaphase plates with a well-dispersed chromosome were counted and each of the chromosome numbers were determined. The chromosome structures in Allium cepa were dominated by metacentrics (X=8.8) and Sub-metacentrics (X=4.2). Acrocentrics scores had a mean of (X=3 .0) and Telocentric had a mean of (X=0.6). In A. sativum, the structures were metacentrics (X=9.2), Sub-metacentrics (X=5.4) and Acrocentrics (X=0.8). No Telocentric was identified in A. sativum. Plants with greater number of acrocentric chromosomes were more advanced than those with greater number of metacentric and sub-metacentric chromosomes. Also, variations in the morphological characters seen in the species could result in distinct geographic origins, supporting the idea that genus Allium is developed into distinct strains in various locations over time, as evidenced by differences in chromosome structures.
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