The effect of refugia flowers (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) on pest and natural enemy population dynamics of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Panaikang, Maros District, South Sulawesi

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Published: Mar 24, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.63369/ijat.2026.22.2.581-592
Keywords:
Food crop Soybean Yellow kenikir Pests control Etiella zinckenella

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Abdullah, T.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Musmira, M.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Wiridannisaa, N.
Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, West Sulawesi University, Majene 91412, Indonesia
Prihatin, P.
Food Technology Study Program, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie Institute of Technology, Parepare 91125, Indonesia.

Abstract

Improving domestic soybean production remains constrained by persistent pest infestations that reduce both yield and quality. The effect of refugia flowers (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) on pest and natural enemy population dynamics in soybean fields in Panaikang, South Sulawesi was investigated. The presence of yellow kenikir significantly altered arthropod community structure by increasing the abundance of key natural enemies, including Coccinella sp., Oxyopes sp., and Odonata, compared with insecticide-treated and artificial flower plots. Plots with C. sulphureus (P3) showed higher arthropod abundance, including both pests and natural enemies. Despite increased pest presence, pod damage intensity was lower, indicating enhanced biological control. Major pests such as Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Melanagromyza sojae, and Valanga nigricornis were observed across treatments. However, damage caused by Etiella zinckenella was consistently lower in P3 plots, with a reduction of 5–11% during the pof filling stage. These findings indicated that C. sulphureus refugia enhanced ecosystem-based pest regulation by strengthening natural enemy activity rather than reducing pest visitation. This approach is represented a sustainable strategy for integrated pest management in soybean cultivation.

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How to Cite
Abdullah, T., Musmira, M., Wiridannisaa, N., & Prihatin, P. (2026). The effect of refugia flowers (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) on pest and natural enemy population dynamics of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Panaikang, Maros District, South Sulawesi. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 22(2), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.63369/ijat.2026.22.2.581-592
Issue
Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): March
Section
Original Study
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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