Supplementation of Baeckea frutescens in Oil Palm Fronds Ensiled with Crude Glycerin on Fermentation Quality and Chemical Composition
Keywords:
Oil Palm Fronds, Baeckea Frutescens, Silage Quality, Physical Characteristics, Chemical CompositionAbstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics, chemical composition, and fermentation quality of oil palm fronds ensiled with crude glycerin and supplemented with Baeckea frutescens L. at various levels. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of Baeckea frutescens supplementation at 0, 7, and 14% (fresh weight basis), with 10% crude glycerin added to all treatment groups. The samples were ensiled in plastic bags under anaerobic conditions for 21 days. The results showed that all silages exhibited good physical characteristics, appearing dark brown with a pleasant fermented odor. The pH values significantly increased with increasing levels of Baeckea frutescens (4.41, 4.86, and 5.15, respectively; p<0.01). However, the fermentation quality remained satisfactory, characterized by high lactic acid concentrations (6.04–6.14%) and low butyric acid content (0.03–0.06%) across all treatments. Regarding nutritive value, Baeckea frutescens supplementation significantly improved chemical composition. The 14% supplementation level resulted in the lowest Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content (38.42%) compared to the control group (41.78%) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) content compared to the control (59.58% vs. 61.74%, p<0.05). Furthermore, the 14% supplementation level yielded the highest Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) (54.10% and 59.03%, respectively, p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementing Baeckea frutescens at 14% with crude glycerin can improve nutritive value by reducing fiber content and enhancing energy value without adversely affecting fermentation quality.
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