การพัฒนาปุ๋ยไนโตรเจนปลดปล่อยช้าจากลิกนินที่สกัดจากน้ำดำร่วมกับโซเดียม อัลจิเนต

Wadchara Thongsamer; Nuchanaporn  Pijarn; Suntree Sangjan

Authors

Wadchara Thongsamer Division of Physics, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
Nuchanaporn Pijarn Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
Suntree Sangjan Division of Physics, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand

Keywords:

Slow-release fertilizers , Controlled release , fertilizers, Lignin, Alginate, Hydrogel, Black liquor

Abstract

This research aims to develop a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by applying biobased materials and industrial residues from the pulp and paper industry, specifically lignin extracted from black liquor, in combination with sodium alginate, to enhance fertilizer use efficiency and reduce nitrogen losses to the environment. The extracted lignin was characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition, and bonding structure using SEM, EDS, and FT-IR techniques, respectively. The lignin was then utilized to develop a coating material for urea fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen. Three fertilizer formulations were prepared: uncoated fertilizer, fertilizer coated with sodium alginate, and fertilizer coated with a sodium alginate/lignin composite (1:1 ratio). The nitrogen release behavior and kinetics were investigated using five mathematical models: Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Hixson–Crowell. The results demonstrated that the type of coating material significantly affected the nitrogen release rate and mechanism. The fertilizer coated with the sodium alginate/lignin composite exhibited the slowest nitrogen release and showed the best agreement with the Higuchi model, with the release constant decreasing from 0.211 h^-1/2 for the uncoated formulation to 0.1064 h^-1/2 for the lignin/alginate-coated formulation. This indicates that the composite coating effectively retarded nitrogen diffusion. Overall, this research highlights the potential of utilizing biobased materials and industrial waste in the development of environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers, aligning with the principles of the bioeconomy and circular economy for sustainable agriculture.

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